Paris green (copper(II) acetate triarsenite or copper(II) acetoarsenite) is an inorganic compound. It is a highly toxic emerald-green crystalline powder that has been used as a rodenticide and insecticide, and also as a pigment, despite its toxicity. It is also used as a blue colorant for fireworks. The color of Paris green is said to range from a pale blue green when very finely ground, to a deeper green when coarsely ground.
Video Paris green
Preparation
Paris green may be prepared by combining copper(II) acetate and arsenic trioxide.
Maps Paris green
Uses
Insecticide
At the turn of the 20th century, Paris green, blended with lead arsenate, was used in America and elsewhere as an insecticide on produce such as apples. The toxic mixture is said "to have burned the trees and the grass around the trees". Paris green was heavily sprayed by airplane in Italy, Sardinia, and Corsica during 1944 and in Italy in 1945 to control malaria. It was once used to kill rats in Parisian sewers, which is how it acquired its common name. It was also used heavily in the Americas to control Heliothis virescens.
Pigment
Paris green, also called emerald green, was a popular pigment used in artists' paints by (among others) the English painter W. Turner, Impressionists such as Monet and Renoir and Post-Impressionists such as Gauguin, Cézanne and Van Gogh.
Related pigments
Similar natural compounds are the minerals chalcophyllite Cu
18Al
2(AsO
4)
3(SO
4)
3(OH)
27·36H
2O, conichalcite CaCu(AsO
4)(OH), cornubite Cu
5(AsO
4)
2(OH)
4·H
2O, cornwallite Cu
5(AsO
4)
2(OH)
4·H
2O, and liroconite Cu
2Al(AsO
4)(OH)
4·4H
2O. These vivid minerals range from greenish blue to slightly yellowish green.
Scheele's green is a chemically simpler, less brilliant, and less permanent, synthetic copper-arsenic pigment used for a rather short time before Paris green was first prepared, which was approximately 1814. It was popular as a wallpaper pigment and would degrade, with moisture and molds, to arsine gas. Paris green may have also been used in wallpaper to some extent and may have also degraded similarly. Both pigments were once used in printing ink formulations.
The ancient Romans used one of them, possibly conichalcite, as a green pigment. The Paris green paint used by the Impressionists is said to have been composed of relatively coarse particles. Later, the chemical was produced with increasingly small grinds and without carefully removing impurities; its permanence suffered. It is likely that it was ground more finely for use in watercolors and inks, too.
See also
- List of colors
- List of inorganic pigments
Gallery
References
Further reading
- Fiedler, I. and Bayard, M.A., Emerald Green and Scheele's Green, in Artists' Pigments, A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol 3: E.W. Fitzhugh (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1997, p. 219 - 271
External links
- Case Studies in Environmental Medicine - Arsenic Toxicity
- How Emerald green is made
- National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet
- Emerald green, Colourlex
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments